Once eliminated, measles is back

Measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this was largely due to high vaccination rates with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

In recent years, however, measles has made a comeback, with reported cases in 2026 reaching their highest level in three decades. As of September 3, 2026, more than 3,100 confirmed measles cases had been reported in the United States, surpassing the total number reported during all of 2025, according to the CDC. Approximately two-thirds of all cases involve individuals age 19 or younger. So far, nine total cases have been reported in Illinois and eight in Indiana.

According to the CDC, 94% of reported measles cases this year have involved people who were either unvaccinated or had an unknown vaccination status. The CDC further notes the following:

• National MMR vaccination coverage among kindergarteners has decreased and is now below the 95% coverage target, with much lower coverage in some communities.
• Global measles activity is increasing, creating more opportunities for unvaccinated people who become infected abroad to bring measles back to the United States.
• Measles often spreads during periods of increased travel, such as spring break, summer, and holidays, or in settings where unvaccinated people are in close contact with one another.

What is Measles? 

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that causes a high fever, a red, blotchy skin rash and cold-like symptoms. Tiny white spots called Koplik spots can also appear inside the mouth. The virus spreads easily through coughing or sneezing and can remain active in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves a room. Measles can be especially dangerous for babies and young children.

It is uncommon for someone who is vaccinated to develop measles, the CDC states. Two doses of the MMR vaccine are about 97% effective at preventing measles, while one dose is about 93% effective. Most healthy adults who received two doses of the MMR vaccine in childhood do not need a measles booster because the standard vaccination schedule provides long-lasting protection.

If you suspect that you or your child has been exposed to measles, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Isolate yourself to avoid spreading the virus, and review your immunization records to determine whether you have received the recommended MMR vaccine doses.

Measles usually lasts 10 to 14 days when there are no complications. At-home care may include getting plenty of rest, drinking plenty of fluids, taking over-the-counter pain relievers, and gargling with salt water to help relieve a sore throat or mouth pain.

The best way to protect yourself against measles is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine. Talk to your healthcare provider about vaccination, especially if you are planning to travel. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to recommend two doses of the MMR vaccine for all children.