OTCs vs. prescription meds

For headache or joint pain, an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may provide relief. But for more serious or long-lasting symptoms, a prescription medicine may be needed.

Know the difference

OTC medications are available on store shelves without a prescription. They allow individuals to self-treat conditions, such as allergies, heartburn, upset stomach, and more. Prescription medications are available at a pharmacy and require an order from a healthcare provider.

Many treatments that once required a prescription have become available as nonprescription through a process called Rx-to-OTC switch. Examples include allergy, heartburn, overactive bladder, and topical acne medications.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decides whether a medication should be available OTC or by prescription, based on its safety profile. The decision considers its potential interactions with other medications, overdose risk, and side effects.

The FDA regulates prescription medications through the New Drug Application process. It regulates nonprescription drugs through OTC Drug monographs, which cover acceptable ingredients, doses, formulations, and labeling. Monographs are continually updated, adding additional ingredients and labeling as needed.

Prescription medications often have a higher potency than OTC options and potential interactions with certain foods or other medications. Meanwhile, OTC treatments typically have low toxicity and a low risk of serious side effects.

Some medications are available both OTC and by prescription, but the formulations are not the same. A pharmacist can help you understand your prescriptions and assist in choosing the best nonprescription medications for you.

In most cases, it is fine for people to share the same OTC medications, such as ibuprofen. A prescription is written for a specific person and should not be shared with anyone else.

Prescription medications are classified as controlled or non-controlled substances. Controlled substances have stricter regulations for their potential abuse or dependence, either physical or psychological. These include opioid pain medications, those used to treat ADHD and anxiety, and some anabolic steroids.

Non-controlled substances generally have a lower potential for abuse and dependence. They include medications for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and antibiotics.

Taking an OTC medication regularly could be a sign of a more serious health problem. Talk to a healthcare professional about your symptoms and the medications you are currently taking.