All choked up: Treating acid reflux

Acid reflux and heartburn are so common that many people dismiss them as a normal part of daily life. But when symptoms persist, they may signal a more serious condition known as GERD.

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows backward into the esophagus. This happens when the valve at the base of the esophagus does not close properly. Over time, that constant irritation can lead to inflammation, discomfort, and even long-term damage. The most common symptoms are heartburn and regurgitation.

For many patients, treatment starts with lifestyle changes and medications, such as antacids or acid-suppressing prescriptions. These approaches are often effective. However, some patients continue to struggle.

While medications can control symptoms, they do not correct the underlying mechanical problem. Anti-reflux surgery has proven to be more effective than long-term medication use in certain patients because it restores the valve’s function rather than simply reducing acid production.

Long-term use of acid-suppressing medications is generally safe. However, some patients may experience decreased calcium absorption, or low magnesium or vitamin B12 levels. Other possible risks include kidney disease and infections.

Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), often performed in combination with a laparoscopic approach (cTIF), is designed to address the root cause of reflux by rebuilding the natural valve between the esophagus and stomach. When combined with a hiatal hernia repair, it can provide a more complete and durable solution, offering long-term relief that can reduce or eliminate the need for ongoing medications.

Small daily habits can significantly reduce symptoms of GERD and even prevent it from developing or worsening:

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoid trigger foods like fatty, fried, or spicy items
• Stay upright during and after meals for at least 45–60 minutes
• Avoid eating close to bedtime
• Wear loose-fitting clothing around the abdomen
• Stop smoking

Most importantly, do not ignore persistent symptoms. If you are relying on antacids regularly or are experiencing recurring heartburn, talk with your healthcare provider.